Illustration of a dead Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans)
Illustration of a Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans) with less foliage, indicating stress
Illustration of direct damage effects on mangroves
Illustration of ecotone shift effects on mangroves
Illustration of insect damage effects on mangroves
Illustration of mangrove loss effects
Illustration of nutrient excess effects on mangroves
Illustration of oil spill effects on mangroves
Illustration of restricted tidal exchange effects on mangroves
Illustration of mangrove species specific effects
Illustration of storm damage effects on mangroves
Illustration of wrack accumulation effects on mangroves