Ecosystems - Coastal, Marine

Illustration of Bramble Bay in Queensland, Australia

Illustration of Deception Bay in Queensland, Australia

Illustration of Eastern Moreton Bay in Queensland, Australia

Illustration of Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia

Illustration of Pumicestone Passage in Queensland, Australia

Illustration of ecosystem base with Southern Moreton Bay Islands in Queensland, Australia

Illustration of Waterloo Bay in Queensland, Australia

A 2D cross-section of US topography, from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean

Illustration of a barrier island coast with microtidal, wave-dominated energy. The morphology shows an flood-tidal delta, recurved spit, washover fans, "wash-around", closed inlet, tidal inlets, tidal creeks, and saltmarsh

Illustration of a barrier island coast with mixed (wave & tide) energy. The morphology shows an ebb-tidal delta, a drumstick barrier island, tidal inlets, tidal creeks, and saltmarsh

Illustration of two-dimensional coastline base of gradient from catchment to river to nearshore and offshore reefs

Illustration of two-dimensional coastline base with clastic and carbonate sediments

Illustration of 2-dimensional coastline base of a closed estuary with nearshore reefs

Illustration of a coastal floodplain

Illustration of coastline base from dunes to open ocean

Illustration of coastline base gradient from deep reef to shallow reef, exposed sand, protected sand, and estuary

Illustration of coastline base with gradual 5 degree slope

Illustration of coastline base with intertidal zone

Illustration of a 2D coastline with nearshore reef

Illustration of coastline base with open estuary and nearshore reef

Illustration of coastline base with receding shoreline

Illustration of a 2D coastline with saltwedge

Illustration of coastline base with sand dune system gradient from sea level to berm, frontal dune, and inner barrier system

Illustration of coastline base with sand dune gradient from sea level to berm, frontal dune, outer barrier system, lagoon, and inner barrier system

Illustration of coastline base with sea ice shelf

Illustration of coastline base with sea level rise

Illustration of a 2D coastline indicating sea-level rise with continental shelf

Illustration of a 2D coastline indicating sea-level rise and continental slope

Illustration of a 2D coastline with sea-level rise and increased swell

Illustration of sheltered vs. exposed coastline base with calcareous sediments

Illustration of sheltered vs. exposed coastline base with siliceous sediments

Illustration of coastline base with steep 45 degree slope

Illustration of coastline base with steep shoreline

Illustration of coastline base of stepped shoreline with variable water quality

Illustration of coastline base with barrier island bar

Illustration of a 3D coastline with barrier island and lagoon system

Illustration of coastline 3D base with barrier islands

Illustration of a bay with barrier island

Illustration of coastline base with beach

Illustration of coastline base from beach to ocean

Comparison of a coastline with high vs low marsh

Illustration of coastline base with dunes and water table

Illustration of a modified shoreline

Coastline 3D: mountains, dam, island

Illustration of a 3D coastline showing mountains to open ocean

Illustration of a 3D coastline with mountains to open ocean and upwelling

Illustration of a coastline with a natural, unmodified shoreline

Illustration of coastline base with oblique beach to ocean

Illustration of coastline 3D base: river and barrier islands

Illustration of river base comparison

Illustration of river base with river mouths

Illustration of coastline base with river to ocean gradient

Illustration of a coastline with three rivers and barrier islands

Illustration of sandy coastline base

Illustration of coastline base with spit formation

Illustration of river base with watershed and modified coastline

Illustration of estuary base with barrier island

Illustration of estuary base with channels and offshore sand drift

Illustration of closed and shallow estuary base

Illustration of closed estuary base with deep channel

Illustration of closed estuary base with offshore sandbars

Illustration of estuary base with coastal embayment

Illustration of a 2D estuary with continental island and offshore reef

Illustration of estuary base with dunes and salt wedge

Illustration of estuary base with inverse salt wedge

Illustration of open estuary base

Illustration of open estuary base with channels and sand dunes

Illustration of open estuary base with mud deposits

Illustration of open estuary base with sand bar

Illustration of rarely vs. permanently open estuary base

Illustration of estuary base with rocky catchment and salt wedge

Illustration of estuary base with salt wedge

Illustration of estuary base with sand bar

Illustration of seasonally closed estuary base

Illustration of subtropical estuary base

Illustration of tidally restricted estuary base

Illustration of tropical estuary base with offshore reef

Illustration of a 3D estuary, with braided river and mudflat

Illustration of an estuary with a braided river mouth

Illustration of estuary base with modified coastline and barrier islands

Illustration of estuary base with river and barrier islands

Triptych comparison of a river mouth, showing a pristine environment (left) with subsequent sediment, nutrients, and toxin inputs leading to an unhealthy and unproductive environment with a hardened shoreline (right)

Comparison illustration of sea level rise in an estuary, showing shoreline erosion, immersion, and changes within the river mouth

Illustration of estuary base with stratified water column

Cross-section of Lami Town in Fiji

Illustration of habitat base with exposed sand and calcareous sediment base

Illustration of habitat base with good vs. bad comparison

Illustration of habitat base with intertidal mud

Illustration of habitat base with intertidal mudflat

Illustration of habitat base of protected sand

Illustration of reef habitat

Illustration of sand and reef habitat

Illustration of habitat base with subtidal mud

Illustration of habitat base with underwater shoreline

Illustration of rocky headlands base

Illustration of rocky headlands base with seastack

Illustration of sandy headlands base

Illustration of closed and stratified lagoon base

Illustration of open lagoon base

Illustration of lagoon base with barrier sand islands

Illustration of ocean base with volcanic island and coral reef

Illustration of ocean base with guyot formation

Illustration of reef base with deep habitat

Illustration of exposed reef base

Illustration of intertidal reef base

Illustration of nearshore reef base

Illustration of patch reef base with coral cay and lagoon

Illustration of protected reef base

Illustration of rocky reef base

Illustration of reef base with rocky lagoon

As per Darwin's theory about the formation of coral atolls, this illustration shows the remaining coral atoll following subsidence of the original volcanic island.

Illustration of reef base with volcanic island and barrier reef

Illustration of a volcanic island with barrier reef

Illustration of reef base with volcanic island and fringing reef

Illustration of a volcanic island with reef, waterfall and atoll

Illustration of volcanic islands with reefs

Illustration of Estero Bay in California, USA

Illustration of Morro Bay estuary and harbor in California, USA

Illustration of Kalaupapa National Historical Park in Hawaii, USA

Illustration map of Assawoman Bay watershed in Maryland, USA

Detailed illustration of Assawoman Bay watershed in Maryland, USA

Illustration map of Isle of Wight watershed in Maryland, USA

Illustration map of Newport Bay watershed in Maryland, USA

Illustration map of Sinepuxent Bay watershed in Maryland, USA

Illustration map of St. Martin River watershed in Maryland, USA

Illustration map of Chesapeake Bay in Maryland and Virginia, USA

Illustration map of Chesapeake Bay with mountains and shelf in Maryland and Virginia, USA

Illustration map of Chincoteague Bay watershed in Maryland and Virginia, USA

Illustration map of York River watershed in Virginia, USA

Comparison of a watershed, showing healthy and unhealthy

Illustration of a watershed and mountains, with cross section showing good vs bad

Watershed 3D: good vs bad with mountains mirrored

Illustration of a watershed with mountains and rivers to the coast

Watershed 3D: mountains, dam, rivers to coast

Illustration of watershed base with mountains, river, and islands

Illustration of watershed base with mountains, rivers, and dam

Illustration of watershed base with mountains, rivers, dam, and reef

Watershed 3D: mountains to bay

Illustration of watershed base with mountains, perched lake, water table, and rocky headlands

Illustration of a 3D watershed with braided river, continental islands, coral reef, and beach

Illustration of a 3D watershed with river mouth, continental islands, coral reef, and beach

3D illustration of a watershed, with a braided river, mudflat, beach, rocky headlands, and seastack

Cross-section of a volcanic island watershed, showing crater lakes, waterfalls, modified and natural shoreline, fringing reef, volcanic island, and lava flows